1. (a)Any action to avoid collision shall be positive, made in ample time and with due regard to good seamanship.
2. (b)Any alteration of course and/or speed shall, if circumstances permit, be large enough to be readily apparent to another vessel; a succession of small alterations should be avoided.
3. (c)If there is sufficient sea room, alteration of course alone may be the most effective action, provided it is made in good time, is substantial and does not result in another close-quarters situation.
4. (d)Action taken shall result in passing at a safe distance, and its effectiveness shall be carefully checked until the other vessel is finally past and clear.
5. (e)If necessary to avoid collision or allow more time to assess the situation, a vessel shall slacken her speed or take all way off by stopping or reversing her means of propulsion.
6. (f)A vessel required not to impede the passage of another shall take early action to allow sufficient sea room for safe passage, and remains bound by this obligation and the other Rules if risk of collision develops.