التشكيلات البحرية (NATO Formations)

التشكيلات المحدَّدة في EXTAC 1000 — الرتل والصف العرضي وخط الاتجاه والرتل الموسّع والمعيّن والخطوط المتعددة والدائري — مع قواعد تغيير الدليل وحدود تغيير المسار وإشارات FORM لكل منها.

معلومات ناتو غير مصنّفة (UNCLASSIFIED)

تعريفات التشكيلات وقواعد تغيير الدليل وحدود تغيير المسار وإشارات FORM في هذا القسم مأخوذة من EXTAC 1000, Maritime Maneuvering and Tactical Procedures (Multi-National Maritime Manual)، الصادر عن Navy Warfare Development Command في أغسطس 1996 — وهو منشور غير مصنّف (UNCLASSIFIED). أما الشروح المبسّطة فهي تعليق خاص بـ Navitime.

Column

مبتدئ

لحشد مجموعة على مسار واحد لعبور منظّم أو مناورة، بحيث تتبع كل سفينة الماء الذي مرّت به السفينة القائدة بالفعل.

متى تُستخدم: دخول الميناء أو مغادرته، وعبور قناة مسحوبة أو ممسوحة، والمرور في المياه الضيقة أو المقيّدة، والإبحار المنظّم لمسافات طويلة.

تعريف التشكيل

In a column formation ships are formed in a line, bow-to-stern, with station 1 the lead ship in the line. Subsequent stations in the line are directly astern station 1 and are numbered sequentially (stations 2, 3, 4, etc.). The bearing between stations in the line is the same as the course of the column formation. The distance (d) between stations is the standard distance (D) promulgated in the tasking message and described in Chapter 1 unless specified otherwise. The Guide can be assigned to any station.

أقصى كوربن في خطوة واحدة: 180°
تغيير الدليل التلقائي: When altering course by a corpen maneuver in a column formation, the lead ship in the column automatically becomes the Guide. Remaining ships follow in the wake of the lead ship. In a multiple column formation, the lead ship of the column on the side toward which the formation is altering course becomes the formation Guide and line guide of its column. Leading ships of the remaining columns become line guides and alter course and speed as necessary to resume their relative bearing and distance to the formation Guide. Remaining ships in each column follow the movements of their line guide.
كيف يأمر بها قائد المهمة التكتيكية: FORM 1 Form a column.
FORM 2 Form a column in reverse order of sequence numbers.
FORM 5 Form a second column to starboard of the first, line guides bearing abeam.
FORM 6 Form a second column to port of the first, line guides bearing abeam.
FORM A Form a column formation in the quickest sequence on the most advanced ship on the present course. Remaining ships are to form astern of that ship in the quickest sequence, according to their positions relative to that ship. If the ship to be formed on is indicated, ships are to form ahead or astern in the quickest sequence.
FORM F PORT or STBD Reverse the order of ships in column in succession from the rear. Ships are to sheer out on the side indicated. One or two numerals may be added to indicate speed of all ships except the rear ship. The rear ship automatically becomes the Guide and increases speed to one knot less than stationing speed, passing the ships ahead of her on the side indicated.
FORM 1 STATION 1 DESIG ABC STATION 2 DESIG DEF G FORM DESIG ABC Form a column. Ship ABC in station 1, ship DEF in station 2. Formation Guide is ship ABC.

Line Abreast

مبتدئ

لنشر المجموعة على أوسع جبهة ممكنة بحيث تغطي قدرتها المجمّعة على الكشف مساحة عريضة.

متى تُستخدم: البحث أو مسح منطقة، والحجب أمام تشكيل، والاقتراب من ساحل حيث تهم التغطية العريضة أكثر من مسار واحد.

تعريف التشكيل

In a line abreast formation ships are formed in a line, beam to beam, with station 1 at one end of the line. If subsequent stations (stations 2, 3, 4, etc.,) are to starboard of station 1 the formation is a line abreast to starboard. If subsequent stations are to port of station 1 the formation is a line abreast to port. The bearing between stations in the line is perpendicular to the course of the line abreast formation. The distance (d) between stations is the standard distance (D) unless specified otherwise. The Guide can be assigned to any station.

أقصى كوربن في خطوة واحدة: 90°
تغيير الدليل التلقائي: When altering course by a corpen maneuver in a line abreast formation, the ship on the end of the line toward which the formation is altering course automatically becomes the Guide. In a multiple line abreast formation, the new guide in the lead line becomes the formation Guide. The end ship in remaining lines become line guides and adjust course and speed as needed to resume relative bearing and distance to the Guide. Remaining ships maneuver to maintain relative bearing and distance to their line guide.
كيف يأمر بها قائد المهمة التكتيكية: FORM 3 Form a line abreast to starboard.
FORM 4 Form a line abreast to port.
FORM 9 Form a second line abreast to starboard, line guides bearing astern.
FORM 10 Form a second line abreast to port, line guides bearing astern.
FORM B Form a line abreast formation in the quickest sequence on the Guide or ship indicated, on the present course or course indicated, at present distance if already formed, or at standard distance or distance indicated. Ships are to form on the nearest beam of the Guide or ship indicated, relative to that ship’s course or the course indicated, in the quickest sequence according to their positions relative to the Guide.

Line of Bearing

متوسط

لإمالة الخط بحيث يغطي التشكيل قطاعاً مختاراً، أو لإزاحة السفن عن ماء الدليل مع الحفاظ على جبهة عريضة.

متى تُستخدم: البحث والحجب حيث تناسب الجبهة المائلة محور التهديد، وعند إعادة التموضع بين الرتل والصف العرضي.

تعريف التشكيل

In a line of bearing formation ships are formed in a line with station 1 at one end of the line. Subsequent stations (stations 2, 3, 4, etc.) are aligned along the designated line of bearing. The bearing is designated either as the true bearing from station 1 using the signal FORM (see Chapter 11) and the true bearing (e.g., FORM 120, FORM 235) or as the relative bearing between the course of the formation and the desired line of bearing using the signal FORM followed by PORT or STARBOARD and a number of tens of degrees (e.g., FORM PORT 15, FORM STARBOARD 13.5). The distance (d) between stations is the standard distance (D) unless specified otherwise. The Guide can be assigned to any station.

أقصى كوربن في خطوة واحدة: Corpen not used.
تغيير الدليل التلقائي: Automatic Guide changes do not occur in a line of bearing formation because a corpen maneuver should not be executed by ships in a line of bearing.
كيف يأمر بها قائد المهمة التكتيكية: FORM (PORT or STBD) (0 to 18) Form a line of bearing formation on a relative bearing in tens of degrees (0 to 18) from the Guide or ship indicated on the present course or course indicated.
FORM (000 to 359) Form a line of bearing formation on a true bearing from the Guide or ship indicated on the present course or course indicated.
FORM 120 Form a line of bearing on a bearing of 120° T from the Guide on the present course.
FORM PORT 15 STATION 1 DESIG ABC STATION 2 DESIG DEF G FORM DESIG ABC B CORPEN 000 Form a line of bearing formation on a relative bearing of 210° R from ship ABC, which is assigned station 1; ship DEF is assigned station 2. Formation Guide is ship ABC. Base course is 000° T.

Column Open Order

متوسط

للحفاظ على بساطة الرتل مع توسيع السفن جانبياً، فتحصل كل واحدة على رؤية أوضح تتجاوز السفينة الأمامية.

متى تُستخدم: العبور حيث لا يلزم صف مفرد صارم، ويكون الرتل الأعرض المتعرّج أسهل في الحفظ والرؤية منه.

تعريف التشكيل

A column open order formation is a column formation modified as shown in Figure 3-4. In a column open order formation the Guide is always in station 1. Subsequent stations (stations 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, etc.) are displaced on each side of the stern of the Guide, even numbered stations to port of the Guide, odd numbered stations to starboard of the Guide. The ship in station 2 forms 4 on the port quarter of the Guide. The ship in station 3 forms 2 on the starboard quarter of the Guide. Remaining ships form astern of station 2 or 3 as appropriate. The distance (d) between stations is the standard distance (D) unless specified otherwise.

أقصى كوربن في خطوة واحدة: 180°
تغيير الدليل التلقائي: When altering course by a corpen maneuver, ships in a column open order formation first form a column on the lead ship as Guide and follow the procedures for a column formation. Upon completion of the maneuver by all ships, ships reform in a column open order.
كيف يأمر بها قائد المهمة التكتيكية: FORM E Form a column open order formation.
FORM E (Chapter 11 amplification) In forming a column open order formation, ships are displaced on both sides of the course, even numbered ships (counting from the leading ship) forming to port and odd-numbered ships to starboard. The leading ship automatically becomes the Guide. The second ship forms 4° on the port quarter of the Guide and the third ship 2° on the starboard quarter of the Guide; remaining ships form alternately astern of the second or third ship on the appropriate side. Ships are to form at the same distance from the Guide as if they were in column. If the column is already formed, ships are to remain at their present ordered distance unless otherwise directed.

Diamond

متوسط

لمنح مجموعة صغيرة تغطية شاملة مع الدليل في المقدمة ودعم متبادل على الربعين.

متى تُستخدم: عندما تحتاج مجموعة صغيرة شكلاً متماسكاً متوازناً بدل خط طويل رفيع.

تعريف التشكيل

A diamond formation can only be formed when ships are in a column. When the diamond formation is ordered, the ship in station 1 of the column automatically becomes the Guide in station 1 of the diamond formation. The ship in station 2 of the column takes station broad on the port quarter (225°R) of the Guide at twice the distance (2d) of the column formation. The ship in station 3 of the column takes station broad on the starboard quarter (135°R) of the Guide at a distance of 2d. The fourth ship in the column remains directly astern the Guide at a distance of 3d. If there are more than four ships, additional ships form a second diamond on the fourth ship, station 5 forming to starboard and station 6 to port.

أقصى كوربن في خطوة واحدة: 30°
تغيير الدليل التلقائي: When altering course by a corpen maneuver, the lead ship in the Diamond becomes the Guide and alters its heading to the new course. Remaining ships maneuver to maintain relative bearing and distance to the Guide.
كيف يأمر بها قائد المهمة التكتيكية: FORM D Form a diamond formation.
FORM D (Chapter 11 amplification) A diamond formation can only be formed when ships are in a column formation. The leading ship automatically becomes the Guide. The second ship in the column is to form on the port quarter of the Guide, the third ship on the starboard quarter of the Guide, and the fourth ship in the wake of the Guide. If there are more than four ships, additional ships are to form a second diamond on the fourth ship, odd numbers (counting from the leading ship) forming to starboard, even numbers forming to port. Unless otherwise ordered ships are to use their present ordered distance (d). See paragraph 0304 for Guide changes.

Multiple Line Formations

متقدم

للتعامل مع مجموعة أكبر بتقسيمها إلى خطوط، فلا تضطر سفينة إلى حفظ مكانها من مرجع بعيد.

متى تُستخدم: المجموعات الكبيرة حيث يكون الخط الواحد طويلاً أو عريضاً بما لا يمكن ضبطه.

تعريف التشكيل

Multiple line formations can be ordered that consist of multiple columns, lines abreast, or lines of bearing. In a multiple line formation, the formation Guide is also the guide of its line. Ships in other lines occupying the station corresponding to the formation Guide become line guides. Line guides maintain station on the formation Guide. All other ships maintain station on the guide of their line.

أقصى كوربن في خطوة واحدة: 180° (multiple column) · 90° (multiple line abreast)
تغيير الدليل التلقائي: In a multiple column formation, the lead ship of the column on the side toward which the formation is altering course becomes the formation Guide and line guide of its column. Leading ships of the remaining columns become line guides and alter course and speed as necessary to resume their relative bearing and distance to the formation Guide. Remaining ships in each column follow the movements of their line guide. In a multiple line abreast formation, the new guide in the lead line becomes the formation Guide. The end ship in remaining lines become line guides and adjust course and speed as needed to resume relative bearing and distance to the Guide.
كيف يأمر بها قائد المهمة التكتيكية: FORM 5 Form a second column to starboard of the first, line guides bearing abeam.
FORM 6 Form a second column to port of the first, line guides bearing abeam.
FORM 9 Form a second line abreast to starboard, line guides bearing astern.
FORM 10 Form a second line abreast to port, line guides bearing astern.
FORM U Ships resume previous relative bearings and distances from their line guides. Ships move independently.
FORM V Line guides resume previous relative bearings and distances from the Guide. Line commanders move their lines by signal to take up new stations.
FORM W Resume previous formation. Line guides resume previous relative bearings and distances from the Guide. Ships in line resume previous bearings and distances from their line guides. Line commanders direct movements.
G FORM Formation Guide is ____ (in station ____ or bearing ____° T from this unit or unit indicated at a distance of ____ hundred yards).

Circular Formation

متقدم

لوضع حجاب شامل حول مركز، فيعطي تغطية في كل اتجاه بدل محور واحد.

متى تُستخدم: حجب وحدة عالية القيمة، وأي عملية تحتاج تغطية شاملة حول مركز متحرّك.

تعريف التشكيل

In a circular formation, ships are assigned stations around the center of the formation (ZZ). Stations are designated as a specified bearing or range of bearings in degrees true (° T) from ZZ and a specified distance or range of distances from ZZ. The tasking message may be used to establish one or more standard circular formations for the exercise or operation. The establishment of standard circular formations reduces the need for lengthy signals during conduct of the exercise or operation.

أقصى كوربن في خطوة واحدة: Corpen not used.
تغيير الدليل التلقائي: Automatic Guide changes do not occur in a circular formation because a corpen maneuver should not be executed by ships in a circular formation.
كيف يأمر بها قائد المهمة التكتيكية: FORM 14 Form a circular formation with stations as indicated.
FORM (15 to 19) Form circular formation designated in the tasking message.
FORM 14 STATION 1 DESIG ZZ STATION 2 DESIG 030050 ZZ 1 ANS 52 Form circular formation with station 1 at ZZ and station 2 bearing 30° to 50° from ZZ at a distance of 1.5 to 2 nm. Ships take station in order of sequence numbers.
FORM 15 STATION 1 DESIG ABC STATION 2 DESIG DEF Form circular formation 15 designated in the tasking message. Ship ABC is assigned station 1 and ship DEF is assigned station 2.

Turn

مبتدئ

لتغيير مسار التشكيل دون تغيير الاتجاه الحقيقي لكل سفينة من الدليل.

متى تُستخدم: أي تغيير مسار قد يغيّر شكل التشكيل، وهو الأسلوب الوحيد المتاح لخط الاتجاه والتشكيل الدائري.

تعريف التشكيل

A turn is a maneuver used by line and circular formations in which all ships alter course simultaneously and maintain true bearing to the Guide. At night or in low visibility, formation turns in excess of 90° should be ordered in two or more increments, each of 90° or less. The second increment should not be ordered until all ships in the formation are steady on the course ordered by the first increment. It is also advisable to execute turns of greater than 90° in increments when the formation consists of ships of different sizes and/or turning diameters.

أقصى كوربن في خطوة واحدة: None
تغيير الدليل التلقائي: All ships alter course together and maintain true bearing and distance to Guide.
كيف يأمر بها قائد المهمة التكتيكية: TURN (000 to 359) Alter course together to the true course indicated.

Corpen

متوسط

لتغيير مسار التشكيل مع الحفاظ على شكله بالنسبة إلى المسار الجديد.

متى تُستخدم: تغييرات المسار في تشكيلات الصف حيث يجب الاحتفاظ بالشكل.

تعريف التشكيل

A corpen is a line formation maneuver in which ships alter course so that the relative bearing to the Guide is the same at the completion of the maneuver as it was at the start of the maneuver. Circular formations do not alter course by corpen maneuvers. Upon execution of a corpen maneuver, ships in a column open order are to form a column, follow in the wake of the Guide, and reform in a column open order when all ships in the formation have completed the corpen maneuver.

أقصى كوربن في خطوة واحدة: Column 180° · Line abreast 90° · Line of Bearing — Corpen not used · Column Open Order 180° · Diamond 30° · Circular — Corpen not used
تغيير الدليل التلقائي: If a breakdown, man overboard, or any other emergency prevents the Guide of any formation from maintaining ordered course and speed, the ship in the next higher numbered station shall become Guide until a new Guide is ordered.
كيف يأمر بها قائد المهمة التكتيكية: CORPEN (000 to 359) Alter course in succession to the true course indicated.

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